History of American Journalism. Introduction Immigration and industry both boomed in the United States in the 1. These immigrants, seeking better opportunities in the U. S., found hazardous working conditions in factories and squalid living conditions in tenements. Big business led to big questions for many journalists of the 1. From Upton Sinclair's book, The Jungle to Ida Tarbell's investigation of John D. Rockefeller, newspapers and magazines in the 1. President Theodore Roosevelt described these journalists as muckrakers. In the quest for increased readership, newspaper editors began to publish sensational headlines and lurid stories. The age of yellow journalism was in full flower. American Media History (JOURN 505) USC Annenberg School of Journalism Fall 2005. The Journalism That Changed America. Tell me no lies investigative journalism that changed the world PDF. Printing presses are made in America by Isaac Doolittle of Connecticut: 1776. FAQs about Journalism in the United States What were colonial newspapers like? Most colonial papers had four pages, measuring about 10 by 15 inches. The term muckraker was used in the Progressive Era to. The other magazines associated with muckraking journalism were. He also organized a campaign in America and Europe to raise support for Wilson's. During the 1910s, American's interest in muckraking journalism waned and publishers shifted focus as their audience's tastes changed. Exposes and Excess: Muckraking in America. Tichi depicts a booming, insecure, fortress America of. Stories that Changed America: Muckrakers of. The Journalism That Changed America Judith Serrin. This new volume collects a century's worth of American muckraking, focusing on such noted authors. The Journalism That Changed America, by William Serrin and Judith Serrin (New Press). All the President’s Men. McIntire Investigative reporting syllabus.doc Author. University of Southern California Annenberg School for Communication. The Journalism That Changed America. Muckraking journalists of yesterday and their influence on journalism today. International communication was made advanced by Guglielmo Marconi, who sent the first radio transmission across the Atlantic Ocean. Thomas Edison harnessed electricity and started one of the first movie companies. His execution movie told the tale of President William Mc. Kinley's assassin's death. Journalists and media personalities. Joseph Pulitzer. A Hungarian immigrant with few resources, Pulitzer rose to purchase the struggling New York World newspaper in 1. St. Pulitzer used his newspapers to crusade for the rights of immigrants, the poor and the working class. Sensational headlines such as . Hearst became a major competitor of Joseph Pulitzer when he purchased The New York Journal in 1. Under Hearst's direction, the paper fanned the flames of war, urging it's readers to . Hearst's efforts contributed to the start of the Spanish- American War. Hearst is quoted as saying, . Outcault. Creator of The Yellow Kid and Buster Brown comics. The Yellow Kid would symbolize the circulation wars between Pulitzer and Hearst; the comic appeared in both newspapers simultaneously. Outcault's creations also generated the first comic merchandising; key rings, statues and other Yellow Kid paraphernalia predated Happy Meals by decades. Lincoln Steffens. New York Post reporter and managing editor of Mc. Clure's Magazine. Steffens wrote a series of articles that exposed corruption in the local governments of Chicago, Minneapolis, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Philadelphia and New York City; later collected in the book The Shame of the Cities (1. The Struggle for Self- Government (1. He joined other muckrakers like Tarbell and Ray Stannard Baker to form the American Magazine. Ida Tarbell. As a teenager, Ida Tarbell witnessed first hand the efforts of the Standard Oil Company's efforts to monopolize oil production in Pennsylvania. Tarbell wrote The History of the Standard Oil Company articles in Mc. Clure's Magazine criticizing the business practices of Standard Oil and its president, John D. Rockefeller responded to these attacks by describing her as . Upton Sinclair's classic book described the unsanitary practices of a Chicago meat packing company and led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drugs Act (1. Meat Inspection Act (1. Baker's articles investigated labor relations and race relations; the latter were collected together in Following the Color Line, illuminating Jim Crow laws, lynching, and poverty. Baker later served as press secretary to President Woodrow Wilson during the Paris Peace Treaty, and wrote a multi- volume biography of Wilson. Easy people imagine that, having hanged a Negro, the mob goes quietly about its business; but that is never the way of the mob. Once released, the spirit of anarchy spreads and spreads, not subsiding until it has accomplished its full measure of evil.- - excerpt from an article entitled What is Lynching? Nellie Bly. A pseudonym for Elizabeth Cochrane, Nelly Bly is known for numerous journalistic and business accomplishments. As a reporter, Bly pioneered techniques in investigative journalism by faking her own insanity in order to go undercover in New York's insane asylum on Blackwell's Island. During her lifetime, Bly also circumnavigated the globe in 7. World War I. Political scene. President Theodore . When President William Mc. Kinley was assassinated at the Pan- American Exposition in Buffalo in 1. Vice- President Roosevelt took office. Known for his . Roosevelt also acquired the right for the U. S. He also sued Joseph Pulitzer and the New York World for libel following the publication of an unfavorable editorial regarding the involvement of the United States in the Panamanian Revolution. The case was dismissed. Social climate Child labor was still a common practice at the beginning of the 2. The turn of the century also marked the dawn of many new technologies. Inventors, scientists and industrialists were busy around the turn of the century developing inventions. Thomas Edison created moving pictures and harnessed electricity while the Wright Brothers spread their wings. At the same time, millions of immigrants arrived on U. S. Though most were farmers, a majority would only find factory jobs in eastern U. S. Technological breakthroughs in transportation, communication, mechanization and science fostered an industrialized society. Corporate consolidations ruled the day, and the working conditions of men, women and children as laborers were harsh and brutal. Boys as young as 1. Races relations degraded following the Plessy vs. Ferguson of 1. 89. Jim Crow laws also marginalized African Americans, preventing them from voting, while also turning a blind eye to white violence. The first nickelodeon theater, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania One of the new media technologies — new storefront theaters dubbed nickelodeons — succeeded wildly as an innovative form of entertainment. Appearing first in 1. Actuality film — reenactments of media events and the forerunners of newsreels — proved to be very popular with the new audiences. The first nickelodeon was built in Pittsburgh in June 1. By 1. 90. 8, approximately 8,0. U. S. Later, bigger theaters would be built allowing larger audiences to see longer films projected on a bigger screens. Media moments. 19. Thomas Edison's execution movie. An actuality - - a short non- fiction film - - of the execution of the assassin of Mc. Kinley carried out from the description of an eyewitness. Motion pictures became popular, first as single- viewer kinetoscopes, then as films projected for mass audiences. Edison's company, Thomas A. Edison, Inc., produced films showing famous people, news events, disasters, and everyday people doing everyday activities. Trans- Atlantic radio transmission. Guglielmo Marconi, the . Having first experimented with radio transmissions in the attic of his parent's home, Marconi traveled to England in a search for investors. There, he founded the Wireless Telegraph and Signal Company Limited which began building radio equipment in 1. To publicize the new invention, Marconi gave numerous demonstration, including one to Queen Victoria. In 1. 90. 1, Marconi successfully transmitted the first radio signals across the Atlantic Ocean. The Great Train Robbery. One of Edison's most famous 'actualities', this eight- minute action film depicted a robbery by Butch Cassidy. Enormously popular, it is one of the first films to tell a coherent story. Later, when the audiences became bored with . April 1. 8, 1. 90. San Francisco's devastation captured on film. Only days after and earthquake and fire destroyed much of San Francisco, the first . This disaster would be the first major event of its kind to be captured for the viewing audiences around the United States and the world, though much the . First Trial of the Century. Girl meets boy: Evelyn Nesbit, a 1. Standford White, the famous New York architect who designed Madison Square Garden. Boy meets girl: Henry K. Boy flies into a jealous rage and kills wife's ex- lover: Thaw shot White as he entertained on the roof garden of Madison Square Garden and was immediately arrested. Press has field day: supposedly even President Theodore Roosevelt followed the coverage in the newspapers. Justice served?: Thaw was eventually freed and immediately divorced Evelyn. Electric Light. Thomas Edison — having already conceived, built and marketed an amazing number of devices like the motion picture camera — invents the electric light. Now taken for granted, the electric light changes society. It became much easier for people to to stay up late in the evening and enjoy more social activities. The night was somewhat tamed by the spread of street lamps, headlights and illuminated signs. The stars disappear in urban areas, and life becomes a 2. It was also a time when many determined journalists exposed corruption in government, the unfair treatment of factory workers, and the privileges of the upper class. Mc. Clure's Magazine, owned by Samuel Mc. Clure and originally established as a general interest magazine, moved into the business of muckraking, exposing the faults of expansion and industrialization. These two trends — yellow journalism and muckraking — helped newspapers and magazines become the dominant form of mass media. The USS Maine, shortly after it had exploded and sunk. Newspaper publishers Hearst of The New York Journal and Pulitzer of The New York World were in a circulation war fighting for the same new target audience – immigrants, who were still pouring in to the New World from Europe. One of the most memorable stories from the era, the sinking of the U. S. S. Maine, would help to propel the United States to war with Spain. Advertising grew and promoted a culture of consumption. Magazines such as Call's Magazine and The Saturday Evening Post took advantage of advertising to increase their circulation and still keep subscription prices low. General interest and ladies magazines also flourished. Magazines such as Good Housekeeping and Vogue began targeting niche markets: homemakers and fashion- oriented women. Between 1. 89. 0 and 1.
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